Bit Gold [15] 是 Nick Szabo [16](也是一位密码朋克)发明的;他在 1998 年发明了这个概念,又在 2005 年详细说明了其内涵。Bit Gold 是独立密码学货币的第一个模型,它将两种理念结合了起来:使用点对点网络来维护一个分布式的账本 [17];基于计算难题的工作量证明。
Nick Szabo 提供了这个系统运作的细节,还专门模仿了黄金,以黄金在现实世界中的生产、稀缺性和价值来指引这种货币的运作。这也就是它的名字的由来。
Bit Gold 包含了工作量证明机制,让参与者能够(用成本的方式)证明自己创造出来、纯粹用作数字形式的货币的东西,是有价值的。而且,它也需要工作量证明来形成一种分布式的时间戳,并使用节点网络来维护一套账户和 Bit Gold 余额的账本;两者的结合形成了一套产权系统 [18],让用户能持有、跟踪和转移他们的货币。
Bit Gold 的另一个创举是使用前一个工作量证明的结果作为谜题,参与下一波 Bit Gold 的生产。这种设计使得系统的运作最终会形成一串已解决的谜题的链条,非常相似于今天我们在密码学货币行业里说的 “区块链”。
这个链条也是参与者检验他们买到、收到的货币是不是伪币的最简单的方法。
Bit Gold 的另一个重要特征是,它不仅使用工作量证明作为价值的基础元素,还使用一个 “Bit Gold market” 来形成此类不均一的证明(irregular proofs)的价格,所以,价值不等的证明可以搭配组合成通用的单位(generic bundles),让这种数字商品更加标准化和可互换。
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